Dorothea Dix Quotes

Dorothea Dix Quotes Dorothea Dix, an activist who served in the Civil War as Superintendent of Female Nurses, also worked for reform of treatment for the mentally ill. Selected Dorothea Dix Quotes I think even lying on my bed I can still do something. [attributed, possibly incorrectly] The tapestry of history has no point at which you can cut it and leave the design intelligible. In a world where there is so much to be done, I felt strongly impressed that there must be something for me to do.   I come to present the strong claims of suffering humanity. I come to place before the Legislature of Massachusetts the condition of the miserable, the desolate, the outcast. I come as the advocate of helpless, forgotten, insane men and women; of beings sunk to a condition from which the unconcerned world would start with real horror. Society, during the last hundred years, has been alternately perplexed and encouraged, respecting the two great questions - how shall the criminal and pauper be disposed of, in order to reduce crime and reform the criminal on the one hand, and, on the other, to diminish pauperism and restore the pauper to useful citizenship? [Remarks on Prisons and Prison Discipline in the United States]   Moderate employment, moderate exercise, as much freedom as is consistent with the safety of the patient, and as little apparent anxious watchfulness with cheerful society should be sought.   This sentiment of satisfaction in being useful, the guardian of the insane cannot too carefully watch over and foster since it conducts to self-control and self-respect. Incurables who are able and willing to work, are much more contented and enjoy better health when employed. If County Jails must be resorted to for security against the dangerous propensities of madmen, let such use of prison-rooms and dungeons be but temporary.   I admit that public peace and security are seriously endangered by the non-restraint of the maniacal insane. I consider it in the highest degree improper that they should be allowed to range the towns and country without care or guidance; but this does not justify the public in any State or community, under any circumstances or conditions, in committing the insane to prisons; in a majority of cases the rich may be, or are sent to Hospitals; the poor under the pressure of this calamity, have the same just claim upon the public treasury, as the rich have upon the private purse of their family as they have the need, so have they the right to share the benefits of Hospital treatment.   A man usually values that most for which he has labored; he uses that most frugally which he has toiled hour by hour and day by day to acquire. While we diminish the stimulant of fear, we must increase to prisoners the incitements of hope: in proportion as we extinguish the terrors of the law, we should awaken and strengthen the control of the conscience. [emphasis in original] Man is not made better by being degraded; he is seldom restrained from crime by harsh measures, except the principle of fear predominates in his character; and then he is never made radically better for its influence.

Anti-Markovnikov Addition Defintiion

Anti-Markovnikov Addition Defintiion Markovnikovs Rule describes the nature of alkene addition reactions in organic chemistry. Russian chemist Vladimir Markovnikov formulated the rule in 1865 after noting the halogen atom preferred the more substituted carbon in a hydrohalogenation reaction with an asymmetric alkene. If a reaction follows the Markovnikov Rule: The nucleophile adds to the more substituted pi-bound carbon.Hydrogen adds to the less substituted carbon. Another way to think of it is that the hydrogen rich get richer, meaning that out of two pi-bound carbon atoms, the one that has the most hydrogen atoms will get another hydrogen in the reaction. But, some reactions dont follow this rule... Anti-Markovnikov Addition Definition Anti-Markovnikov addition is an addition reaction between an electrophile compound HX and either an alkene or alkyne where the hydrogen atom of HX bonds to the carbon atom with the least number of hydrogen atoms in the initial alkene double bond  or alkyne triple bond  and the X bonds to the other carbon atom. The anti part of Anti-Markovnikov addition is that the reaction fails to follow Markovnikovs Rule. It does not refer to anti in terms of stereochemistry! The image shows the Anti-Markovnikov addition of HX to a propene alkene. The H bonds to the CH1 end and the X bonds to the CH2 end of the former double bond. References Hughes, Peter (2006). Was Markovnikovs Rule an Inspired Guess?.  Journal of Chemical Education.  83  (8): 1152.McMurry, John. Section 7.8: Orientation of Electrophilic Ractions: Markovnikovs Rule.  Organic Chemistry  (8th ed.).W. Markownikoff (1870). Ueber die Abhngigkeit der verschiedenen Vertretbarkeit des Radicalwasserstoffs in den isomeren Buttersuren.  Annalen der Pharmacie.  153  (1): 228–59.

Training paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Training paper - Essay Example lags behind many Asian countries. Why has the U.S. been able to maintain a competitive advantage as a global leader in science and technology? How can training and development and organizations’ business strategies contribute to maintaining a competitive advantage in science and technology in the future? The U.S. has been able to maintain its competitive advantage as a global leader in science and technology because of the huge budget awarded by the government to fund basic research and education in all fields of science and engineering including those conducted in American colleges and universities (National Science Board , par 3). Training and development and organization’s business strategies can contribute to maintaining a competitive advantage in science and technology in the future by allocating a portion of their earnings to funding research and development. The management of organizations should be supportive of â€Å"ongoing learning and application of trained skills† (Strategic training 7). Companies must also encourage their employees to pursue further studies in their field or attend seminars and conferences to update themselves of the latest trends in the industry. It would also help if the organization can hire consultants who are experts in their field who can train their employees. Research has shown that tuition reimbursement programs have a positive effect on employee turnover. A study by Pattie, Benson and Baruch showed that tuition reimbursement reduces the turnover intention of employees (2006). However, they also mentioned that if the degree that the employee is pursuing is not related to his current job position, then the likelihood that the employee will leave the company is high. This finding is in agreement with Becker’s Human Capital Theory

Strategy implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategy implementation - Essay Example In Andrews’ definition, there appears to be a clear division between strategy formulation and its implementation. It is at the implementation stage that resource allocation becomes crucial. This is in keeping with the classical or planned model of thinking about strategy. In the more recent, process, or resource-based view (RBV) of strategy, when speaking of the competitive advantage of a firm, scholars stress the importance of ‘resources’ and ‘capabilities’ available to it (Amit and Shoemaker 1993). It is commonsensical to argue that the strategy implementation of an enterprise is predicated on the availability (’command’) of resources and capabilities of the firm. Resources are held to be available business-wide, while capabilities are the skills and abilities developed within and specific to the firm. Resources alone therefore, are not in themselves sufficient to gain a ’sustainable competitive advantage’ for a firm. Cap abilities, often in the form of patents, and expertise developed in-house, and not easily replicated by outsiders, are equally, if not more important. It is too simplistic to separate strategy implementation from strategy formulation, since a strategy has to be adaptive and evolving, while keeping at the forefront the ends and goals that need to be met for the business to remain viable. Barney (1991), supported by a number of other researchers, claimed that a firm’s key resources needed optimally to conform to the following criteria.

People Love To Have Pets, But What Do Pets Want Essay Example for Free

People Love To Have Pets, But What Do Pets Want Essay There are many animals that would prefer to stay as far away from the indoors as possible! Even though some people keep their pets inside most of the time, they would much rather be outside living in their natural habitat. Many animals are covered in fur to protect them from cold weather and to keep animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits and mice is unethical treatment from humans when they would rather be outdoors where they were intended to live with other animals. There are those humans who simply don’t want to take their animals outdoors, and then there are others who enjoy caging wild animals, such as snakes, turtles, mice and lizards for their own enjoyment. It is unnatural for many animals who haven’t adapted to existing in an enclosed environment and it is unethical treatment against wildlife to hold them indoors, against their will. It is sad when you hear about people who mistreat animals and are careless to the pet’s desires of wanting to roam around in their natural habitat. There are occasions when animals are never allowed to go outdoors and are strictly kept in cages and fed manually by the pet owner. â€Å"We humans create homes that feel, smell, sound and look good to us, not our cat,† Ingrid Newkirk explains in her book, â€Å"250 Things You Can Do To Make Your Cats Adore You. † The author relates that our pets are not always comfortable and happy just because we are. We need to consider the comfort of every pet.

The Value of Life in The Most Dangerous Game Essay -- Most Dangerous G

The Value of Life in The Most Dangerous Game  Ã‚   He is hunched down in the bushes, a .22-caliber pistol in his hand.   His blood-red lips split open in a smile as he watches his prey writhing, blood spouting from the wound, dry green leaves becoming wet crimson.   Then, with a terrible pleasure, he places the gun against the skull of his prey and fires one last round.   The hunter, brimming with sadism, drags his kill behind him, leaving a trail of blood behind on the ground.   Human blood.   This premise of man hunting man is one set up by Richard Connell’s short story The Most Dangerous Game.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The dominant theme to this story is that all life is to be respected and preserved.   A proof for this is that the protagonist, Rainsford, is at first disrespectful of animals when he hunts.   He is then placed into the animal’s role in a twisted hunt, and—due to the horrors he experiences—becomes more respectful.   More support to back this claim is that General Zaroff, the epitome of disregard for life, is defeated by Rainsford at the end.   However, this is not the most accurate theme of the story, and these examples also support another theme:   animals, and life in general, are not respected and never truly will be, and we should all come to terms with this fact.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Let us primarily take into consideration the aspect that Rainsford at first cares not for animals, but his view is altered by his experiences with Zaroff.   First, we must prove that Rainsford really did not care for animals.   Let us look at the conversation on the boat between Rainsford and Whitney.   Here is a quote:   Ã‚   â€Å"[...] Great sport, hunting.†   Ã‚   â€Å"The best sport in the world,† agreed Rainsford.   Ã‚   â€Å"For the hunter,† amended Whitney.  ... ...en that—and then takes Zaroff’s things, including his style of hunting, it is apparent that Rainsford has become worse, even as bad as General Zaroff.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusively, as the main character of The Most Dangerous Game fails to learn from such a horrible experience the value of life, a society that has not been subjected to such an experience will also not know the value of life.   Our disrespect has gotten even to the point where our children are killing their fellow children.   The value of life in all its forms has not been discovered by all of society, and it never will.   We must learn to cope with that fact, or we will all be, in the words of Sanger Rainsford, huntees of our own nature. Works Cited: Connell, Richard. "The Most Dangerous Game." Structure, Sound and Sense . Eds. Laurence Perrine and Thomas R. Arp. 4th ed. New York: Harcourt, 1983.

Mexican American Culture Essay

Abstract This paper is a review on Mexican American culture in the United States. I will discuss the history of this culture and how they became part of the U. S. I will also talk about the different wars and treaty that was signed to give them rights. I will also include the latest in demographics and population from the Census Bureau (2010). I will cover the Mexican Americans prejudices and discrimination and provide slurs that are commonly used in this group. I will go over some resilience factors that helped my ethnic group in dealing with prejudice and discrimination. Abstract This paper is a review on Mexican American culture in the United States. I will discuss the history of this culture and how they became part of the U. S. I will also talk about the different wars and treaty that was signed to give them rights. I will also include the latest in demographics and population from the Census Bureau (2010). I will cover the Mexican Americans prejudices and discrimination and provide slurs that are commonly used in this group. I will go over some resilience factors that helped my ethnic group in dealing with prejudice and discrimination. Another topic of discussion will be what I feel social workers need to know when working with my ethnic group. I will touch on Biases within the culture against other cultures and define one personal bias of my own. I will close my literature review with reflecting on what I have learned. Brief Mexican History The first Mexicans that became part of the United States did not have to cross any borders. Instead the borders crossed them. Spanish speaking people have lived in Northern provinces since the Spaniards colonized Mexico in the sixteenth century. They have always played an important role in the Continents culture and history. Mexico won its Independence from Spain in 1820. The War of Independence with Spain in 1820’s left Mexico with difficulty settling in its Northern provinces. A policy initiated by Spain that allowed Americans to settle in their regions, in effort to populate was continued by the Mexican government (King, 2000). However it backfired when Texas declared Independence from Mexico. Mexico felt betrayed by the Americans because they took advantage of their kindness and took over the state in 1845 (Skidmore, 228). The Mexican American War, 1846-1848, was driven by the idea of â€Å"Manifest Destiny;† which was the belief that Americans had the right to expand country borders from sea to sea. This principle has been a major political and religious rationalization in the United States, demanding assimilation, containment, or annihilation of everyone else in between and First Nations peoples and Mexican (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, p. 135). This angered Mexicans and Native Americans and caused disputes. President Polk was eager and did not stop until he confiscated large areas of land and sought war. Polk felt a war with Mexico would only prove profitable for the United States, so he enticed the Mexicans to attack. Once Mexico attacked, Polk claimed he had to defend the United States, for Mexico had invaded American territory. Polk’s unexpected election, slavery conflicts, and the Mexican war were all issues in American politics during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Of all the possible explanations for these problems, territorial expansion is the number one reason. The idea of Manifest Destiny split American politics more than any other factor up to the eighteen fifties. In 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo the Mexican American War came to an end. The signing of the treaty ended the territorial disputes that caused conflict between the countries. Mexicans were pronounced to be U. S Citizens and the treaty promised citizenship along with civil and property rights. The United States paid Mexico $15,000,000 in consideration of the extension acquired by the boundaries of the United States and agreed to pay American citizens debts owed to them by the Mexican Government. 1910 big groups of Mexicans crossed into the Southwestern United States. They were encouraged by the economic, social, and political movements of the Mexican Revolutionary years and the rise in industrial and agricultural employment in the United States. Arriving through both direct and indirect routes, Mexicans worked as unskilled and semiskilled laborers in agriculture[->0] and heavy industry (Figueroa, 1996). When the U. S joined World War II fear of shortage in agricultural field grew and we turned to Mexico for help through the Bracero Program, which allowed migrant Mexicans to temporarily work in U. S farms (Figueroa, 1996). The Bracero program brought over 5 million farm workers to work the fields of the United States. Underprivileged Mexicans fled their rural communities and traveled north to work as braceros. It was mainly by the Mexican hand that America became the most upmarket agricultural center in the world. Their arrival altered the social and economic environments of many border towns. Ciudad Juarez, across the border from El Paso, Texas, became a hotbed of recruitment and a main gathering point for the agricultural labor force (Bickerton, 2001). Current Population Demographics According to the United States Census Bureau (2010), the Mexican population is referred to as Hispanic or Latino, and refers to Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish cultures. 308. 7 million People lived in the United States in 2010, 16% were of Hispanic or Latino Origin. Increase in Hispanics from 35. 3 million in 2000 making 13% of the total population. Between 2000 and 2010 the Hispanic population increased by 15. 2 million, accounting for half of the 27. 3 million increase in the United States. 43% of the growth came from Hispanic population between 2000 and 2010 which was four times the growth in the total population at 10%. The growth in Hispanics varied by groups, Mexican Origin population increased by 54% and had the largest change growing from 20. 6 million in 2000 to 31. 8 million in 2010. They accounted for about three quarters of the 15. 2 million increase in Hispanic population. In 2010, 37. 6 million of Hispanics lived in the eight states; California (28%), Texas (18. 7%), Florida (8. 4%), New York (3. 1%), Illinois (4%), Arizona (3. 8%), New Jersey (3. 1%) and Colorado (2. 1%), and in all other states 25. 4%. The highest Proportion in any state was 46% of the total state population in New Mexico. Mexican Americans experience with Prejudice and discrimination Mexican Americans have been victims of discrimination throughout the history of the United States. A few degrading words that people use when referring to Mexicans are; Wetback, Spic, and Beaner, whether American or not. They also have many stereotypes against them such as lazy, machismos, drunks and many more. One of the main reasons they are discriminated against is because of their illegal immigration into the United States. Mexicans were left no choice but to cross illegally to seek a better life, because of the cost and many obstacles it made it difficult to become a citizen. Often they were forced to work physically demanding jobs for less pay due to non-citizens or lack of options, or because they wanted badly to be part of the U. S and saw themselves to be best off here even if wages were cheaper than back at home. Companies did not make the situation better they took advantage of their need for jobs and employed them with poor working conditions and minimum wage because they knew they had no other choice. Resilience of the Mexican American Race Despite a growing presence throughout, Mexicans continued to face discrimination and renewed threats of deportation as national programs like â€Å"Operation Wetback† searched to detain braceros who had overstayed their visas. While working to ensure economic stability, leaders of Mexican communities supported the education of workers and the development of civic and community institutions like the Mexican Civic Committee. 250 Mexican workers were imported to work for Inland Steel and marched in unity with strikers and demanded transportation back to Texas. In the 1950’s Mexicans went to establish branches of civil rights organizations. Some of these organizations were GI forum which fought for rights of the Mexican World War II veterans. The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) sought to increase the numbers of Mexican with U. S. Citizenship and to secure rights of Mexican Americans (Arredondo & Valliant, 2005). Throughout the 1970’s and early 1980’s Mexicans worked in groups like the Spanish coalition for jobs and Latino Institute to improve housing and education while also fighting employment and social discrimination faced. Political community activists fought for Benito Juarez High school and founded many organizations. What Social Workers need to know working with Mexican Americans Mexicans accounted for about three quarters of the 15. 2 million increase in Hispanic population, the fastest growing in the U. S. As these numbers increase there is a greater need for social work education to provide culturally sensitive training to social work students. Social Workers need to understand and know the different origins of Mexican cultures to not get them mixed up. Social workers need to set aside all biases when working with Mexican Americans or any other cultures for that matter. Mexicans do not want to be judged on their color or looks. As a social worker we need to understand the discrimination they are faced with and know what their beliefs are. Have knowledge on immigration and migration discusses how to assess for levels of acculturation; examine cultural values; and explore prejudice work issues if any. Biases against other groups A cultural bias I can think of is marrying or dating someone of a different race as you. Mexican Americans are very proud of where they came from and often want to keep wedlock in the same race. They feel by dating out of your race you are ashamed of who you are and consider it a disgrace. Mexican Americans want to keep the Mexican culture alive and growing, by missing with other the races we are losing some of our culture traditions. Due to the missing of races we are seeing more English speaking people than Spanish. It is very sad that today the majority of people raised in a Mexican, Hispanic or any other type of Mexican origin are not able to speak Spanish. Bilingual speakers are a must now days and if you cannot speak Spanish your chances of finding a good job are slim. My personal bias A personal bias of my own is people who speak Spanish and do not teach their children because they feel that this is the United States and everyone should speak Spanish. This really upsets me because I am one of the ones whose parents felt that learning Spanish was not important. I feel they did this because they did not want other children to view me as an immigrant. My parents wanted to make sure everyone knew I was born in America and did not want me to be judged by my skin or language. My parents saw how people who spoke Spanish got treated and instilled it into my head that I did not need to know Spanish because everyone living here is Americans and should speak English. They are now realizing the down fall in me not being able to speak Spanish and understand they made a big mistake. To change this we need parents to understand that our culture is very important and by not teaching us the traditions and languages you are hurting us and our economy. We already have problems not finding jobs, and now to make matters worse the one job that will accept us wont because we cannot speak Spanish. What I learned I have learned so much about the Mexican American culture the pain they endured the racial discrimination they experienced. Mexicans at first did not have the choice on whether they wanted to become of the United States, we crossed and took over their land whether they liked it or not. They were treated unfair and had to fight for their land, losing the battle and their men was not by choice. I learned that they fought several wars to seek justice; I learned they won Independence from Spain in 1820 and this is celebrated on September 16 which is my birthday. I also learned through everything they have been through they were strong workers and took jobs that others did not want because it was hard labor. Discrimination against us will never end but we will fight to see that everyone is treated equal. . Bibliography Arredondo, G. F. , & Valliant, D. (2005). Encyclopedia of Chigago: Mexican. Chicago. Retrieved http://www. encyclopedia. chicagohistory. org/pages/824. html Bickerton, M. (2001). Prospects for a Bilateral Immigration Agreement with Mexico: Lessons from the Bracero Program. Texas Law Review, 79(4), 895. Figueroa, H. (1996). Mexican workers in the United States: A profile. NACLA Report On The Americas, 30(3), 38. King, Rosemary, (2000-01-01). Border Crossings in the Mexican American War. The Bilingual Review, 25(1), 63-85. Robbins, S. P. , Chatterjee, P. , & Canda, E. R. (2012). Contemporary Human Behavior Theory 3rd edition. NJ: Allyn & Bacon. Skidmore, Thomas E. , and Peter H. Smith. Modern Latin America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. United States Census Bureau. (2010). Hispanic Population for the United States: 2010 Retrieved September 20,2012 [->0] – http://www. encyclopedia. chicagohistory. org/pages/30. html.

Comparing Manchester Airport to Starbucks

One of the aims of Starbucks is Global Responsibility. This is similar to Manchester Airport's aim Environmentally Friendly because Manchester Airport is planning to cut the amount of CO2 emissions and recycle more; also Manchester Airport provide triple glazing windows for people who live very close to Manchester Airport so that they aren't affected by the sound. Starbucks is intending to make 100% of their cups recyclable by 2015, also to make 100% of their coffees in high quality, to contribute over 1 million lion hours of community service by 2015, to make 100% of their coffees fair traded. Also Starbucks is aiming to reduce energy and water conservation plus, Starbucks staff cleans their equipments such as mugs, cups etc, so that it's re-usable. These are similar because both of the company is planning to make the environment better by recycling plus they both care about other people and the planet because Manchester Airport is providing triple glazing windows, in addition, Starbucks is paying their farmers with fair trade. This shows that both of the company care about other people because they provide something to customers so that it's suitable in the condition they live in. Differences They are also different because Manchester Airport runs only in tertiary sector because they provide a service to people. Starbucks runs on entire sector primary, secondary and tertiary because they pay farmers to grow the beans so they are primary, they are in the secondary sector because they roast the beans into coffee, and they are in the tertiary sector because they sell the products and provide a service to customers. In addition there is also a big difference between both because Starbucks sells products such as coffees, cold drinks, equipments etc. Also Starbucks produces its own product. Manchester Airport only rents out space to Airlines. Starbucks serves cold drinks, hot drinks, muffins and cake and more and they even merchandise cups with the Starbucks logo on it. Manchester Airport provides a service; they have shops in the airport so that you can buy food and drinks. Plus on top Manchester Airport's activities has a massive difference compared to Starbucks the only similarity is that they both work in the tertiary sector plus, they both provide a service to customers. Starbucks coffee company and Manchester airport are very different business so their activities are not similar at all. Starbucks activities involve selling more than just coffee; they sell cold beverages, hot beverages and have a wide variety of different types of teas. Starbucks also sell merchandise such as Which Business is bigger? Starbucks business is far bigger than Manchester Airport; this is because Starbucks run internationally, Starbucks runs in more than 55 countries and they have 16,635 stores worldwide therefore, they are making massive profit worldwide and so they would need more staff to operate the business. Manchester Airport has only has one airport in Manchester, they are not an international business so they make less profit and so they have less staff. Competitors Competitors Manchester Airport – Liverpool and Heathrow Both of the company's competitors are similar because their rivals do exactly the same thing. Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero and Costa Coffee is Starbucks rival runs in all of the sectors, pay their farmers with fair trade, provide coffee and recipes, provide cold drinks and sell equipment, for example espresso machine and filter machine. Costa Coffee sells coffees such as espresso, cappuccino, Americano etc. These drinks are exactly the same as what Starbucks provide. However Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero has a different theme which is used on its website, it's very different compared to Starbucks, Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero has a black background on its website and the logo is just a plain blue rectangle box that says Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero. This website doesn't look that appealing, because it's very plain nor does it look posh. Costa Coffee website theme is a maroon background and a plain white logo saying â€Å"Costa†. Starbucks logo looks more nicer than Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero and Costa Coffee because it's not just plain it's a circle logo that says â€Å"Starbucks Coffee† and on the centre it shows a coffee, the background of the website is cream and has a picture of a leaf at the back, the website is also well organised, it's more far more easier to navigate therefore it would be more appealing to customers. I think that Costa Coffee won't be able to compete well against Starbucks because they only have 442 Stores and also Cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Nero has only 520 shops worldwide, whereas Starbucks has 16,635 Stores, Starbucks website looks far more organised and more expensive than both of their competitors therefore, I believe that Starbucks are successful on being competitive. Liverpool and Heathrow Airport are just exactly same as Manchester Airport because they rent out space to airlines and provide a service to customers. Heathrow is Manchester Airports main UK competition because it has 5 terminals, more airlines fly from there, particularly long haul flights to the US with British Airports. To compete Manchester Airport could rent out to airlines for less money so that they try to gain more business with long haul companies such as continental virgin Atlantic. Liverpool John Lennon Airport is main local competition – they specialise in Budget Airlines such as Ryan air and Easy jet, therefore Manchester Airport has got to attract budget airlines. Qatar airlines fly from Manchester Airport. Manchester Airport has better services such as shops, restaurants etc. Heathrow Airport has 67 million customers every year, whereas Manchester Airport has only 53 Million customers every year. So I believe that Manchester Airport isn't that good at competing with other airlines, however they can improve by making more space so that more airlines can fly, and make more long haul flights and rent space to airlines for cheaper so that they get more airlines.

How To Memorize Chemistry

How To Memorize Chemistry When you learn chemistry, its much more important to understand the concepts than to memorize structures, elements, and formulas. However, rote memorization has its place, particularly when you are  learning functional groups  (or other organic chemistry molecules) and when youre trying to keep names of reactions and structures straight in your head. Memorizing wont guarantee you a great grade on a test, but its an important tool to use. Theres more than one way to do it. Here are some of the best (and worst) ways to memorize chemistry. Memorizing Chemistry Using Repetition As you become more familiar with a word/structure/sequence, it will become easier to remember it. This is the memorization method most of us use. We copy notes, use flashcard to recall information in a new order, and draw out structures over and over again from memory. Does it work? Absolutely, but its a time-consuming process. Also, its not a practice most people enjoy. Since attitude affects memorization, the old tried-and-true method may not be your best bet. So, the key to effective memorization- whether its for chemistry or any other subject- is to not-hate the process and to make the memory mean something. The more personal the memory is to you, the more likely you are to remember it for a test and still recall it years down the road. This is where two more effective memorization methods come into play. Memorizing Chemistry Using Mnemonic Devices A  mnemonic device  is just a fancy phrase meaning memory device. The word comes from the ancient Greek work  mnemonikos  (meaning memory), which in turn comes from the name Mnemosyne, the Green goddess of memory. No, a mnemonic device not an appliance you tape to your forehead that transfers information into your brain. Its a strategy or method of remembering information that ties information to something meaningful. An example of a non-chemistry mnemonic you may know is using the knuckles of your hand to remember how many days there are in each calendar month. Another one is saying Roy G Biv to remember the sequence of  colors in the visible spectrum, where the first letter of each word is the first letter of a color (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet). Mnenomics are especially useful for memorizing lists. An easy method is to make a sentence or a song by taking the first letter of a word in a list to make a new work. For example, a mnemonic to memorize the first elements of the periodic table is Hi, he lies because boys can not operate fireplaces. This translates into hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine. You could choose other words to stand for the letters. Another periodic table example  is The Elements Song. Here, the words actually are the elements, but learning them to the tune helps make the process easier. Using Memory Palaces To Memorize Chemistry Memory palaces (also known as methods of loci) may be the best way to remember chemistry (or anything else). To use this method, you place unfamiliar concepts or objects into a familiar setting. In order to start building your chemistry memory palace, start by associating items you know youll use over and over with a meaningful object. Which object you choose is up to you. What helps me remember might be completely different from what you might use. What should you remember? Elements, numbers, concepts for types of chemical bonds, states of matter... it is completely your choice. So, lets say you want to remember the formula for water, H2O. Start by giving meaning to the atoms, hydrogen and oxygen. You  might think of hydrogen as a blimp (used to be filled with hydrogen) and oxygen a young child holding his breath (thus depriving himself of oxygen). So, remembering water to me might be a mental image of a boy holding his breath while watching two dirigibles in the sky overhead. In my mind, there would be a blimp to either side of the boy (because the water molecule  is bent). If you wanted to add more details about water, I could put a blue ball cap on the boys head (water in large volumes is blue). New facts and details can be added as wish to learn them, so a single memory might hold a wealth of information. Using a Memory Palace To Memorize Numbers Memory palaces are incredibly useful for memorizing numbers. While there are several methods of establishing the palace, one of the best is to associate numbers with phonetic sounds and then make words out of a sequence of numbers. This is an easy way to remember long strings of number, not just simple ones. Here is a simple phonetic association, using consonants: Number Sound Memory Tip 0 s, z, or soft c zero starts with z; your tongue is in the same position to say the letters 1 d,t, th one downstroke is made to form the letters; your tongue is in the same position to say the letters 2 n n has two downstrokes 3 m m has three downstrokes 4 r 4 and R are near mirror images; r is the last letter in the word 4 5 l L is the Roman number 50 6 j, sh, soft ch, dg, zh, soft g j has a shape similar to the curve of a 6 7 k, hard c, hard g, q, qu Capital K is made of two 7s back to back, on their sides 8 v, f I think of a V8 engine or the drink V-8. 9 b, p b looks like a rotated 9, p is a mirror of 9 :The vowels and the other consonants are free, so you can form words that make sense to you. While the table might seem daunting at first, once you try a few numbers, it begins to make sense. After you learn the sounds, youll be able to remember numbers so well it will seem  like a magic trick! Lets try it with a chemistry number you should already know. If not, now is the perfect time to learn it.  Avogadros number is  the number of particles  in a mole of anything. It is 6.022 x 1023. Choose show sand tsunami. sh o w s a n d t s u n a m i 6 0 2 1 1 0 2 3 You might make an entirely different word using the letters. Lets practice in the reverse. If I give you the word mother,  what is the number? M is 3, o doesnt count, th  is 1, e doesnt count, and r is 4. The number is  314, which is how we would remember the digits of pi (3.14, if we didnt know it). You can combine images and words to remember  pH values, constants, and equations. The act of making an association between the fact you are remembering and the memory helps to make it stick.The memories will stay with you, so using this method is better than copying notes over and over and over. Repetition does work for short-term cramming, but for lasting results make your memorization mean something to you.

Timeline of the Scottsboro Boys Case

Timeline of the Scottsboro Boys Case In March of 1931, nine young African-American men were accused of raping two white women on a train. The African-American men ranged in age from thirteen to nineteen. Each young man was tried, convicted and sentenced in a matter of days. African-American newspapers published news accounts and editorials of the events of the case. Civil rights organizations followed suit, raising money and providing defense for these young men. However, it would take several years for these young mens cases to be overturned. 1931 March 25: A group of young African-American and white men engage in a scuffle while riding a freight train. The train is stopped in Paint Rock, Ala and nine African-American teens are arrested for assault. Soon after, two white women, Victoria Price, and Ruby Bates charge the young men with rape. The nine young men are taken to Scottsboro, Ala. Both Price and Bates are examined by doctors. By the evening, the local newspaper, Jackson County Sentinel calls the rape a revolting crime. March 30: The nine Scottsboro Boys are indicted by a grand jury. April 6 - 7: Clarence Norris and Charlie Weems, were placed on trial, convicted and given the death sentence. April 7 - 8: Haywood Patterson meets the same sentence as Norris and Weems. April 8 - 9: Olen Montgomery, Ozie Powell, Willie Roberson, Eugene Williams, and Andy Wright are also tried, convicted and sentenced to death. April 9: 13-year-old Roy Wright is also tried. However, his trial ends with a hung jury as 11 jurors want the death sentence and one vote for life in imprisonment. April through December: Organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) as well as the International Labor Defense (ILD) are astonished by the age of the defendants, length of their trails, and sentences received. These organizations provide support to the nine young men and their families. The NAACP and IDL also raise money to for appeals. June 22: Pending an appeal to the Alabama Supreme Court, the executions of the nine defendants are stayed. 1932 January 5: A letter written from Bates to her boyfriend is uncovered. In the letter, Bates admits she was not raped. January: The NAACP withdraws from the case after the Scottsboro Boys decide to let the ILD handle their case. March 24: The Alabama Supreme Court upholds the convictions of seven defendants in a vote of 6-1. Williams is granted a new trial because he was considered a minor when he was originally convicted. May 27: The United States Supreme Court decides to hear the case. November 7: In the case of Powell v. Alabama, the Supreme Court ruled that the defendants were denied the right to counsel. This denial was considered a violation of their right to due process under the Fourteenth Amendment. The cases are sent to the lower court. 1933 January: Noted attorney Samuel Leibowitz takes the case for the IDL. March 27: Pattersons second trial begins in Decatur, Ala before Judge James Horton. April 6: Bates comes forward as a witness for the defense. She denies being raped and further testifies that she was with Price for the duration of the train ride. During the trial, Dr. Bridges says that Price showed very little physical signs of rape. April 9: Patterson is found guilty during his second trial. He is sentenced to death by electrocution. April 18: Judge Horton suspends Pattersons death sentence after a motion for a new trial. Horton also postpones the trials of the eight other defendants as racial tensions are high in town. June 22: Pattersons conviction is set aside by Judge Horton. He is granted a new trial. October 20: The cases of the nine defendants are moved from Hortons court to Judge William Callahan. November 20: The cases of the youngest defendants, Roy Wright, and Eugene Williams, are moved to Juvenile Court. The other seven defendants appear in Callahans courtroom. November to December: Patterson and Norris cases both end in the death penalty. During both cases, Callahans bias is revealed through his omissions- he does not explain to Pattersons jury how to deliver a not guilty verdict and also does not ask for the mercy of God upon Norris soul during his sentencing. 1934 June 12: In his bid for re-election, Horton is defeated. June 28: In a defense motion for new trials, Leibowitz argues that qualified African-Americans were kept off jury rolls. He also argues that names added on the current rolls were forged. The Alabama Supreme Court denies the defense motion for new trials. October 1: Lawyers associated with ILD are caught with $1500 bribe that was to be given to Victoria Price. 1935 February 15: Leibowitz appears before the Supreme Court of the United States, describing the lack of African-American presence on juries in Jackson County. He also shows the Supreme Court justices the jury rolls with forged names. April 1: In the case of Norris v. Alabama, the United States Supreme Court decides that the exclusion of African-Americans on jury rolls did not protect African-American defendants of their rights to equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment. The case is overturned and sent to a lower court. However, Pattersons case is not included in the argument because of filing date technicalities. The Supreme Court suggests that lower courts review Pattersons case. December: The defense team is reorganized. The Scottsboro Defense Committee (SDC) is established with Allan Knight Chalmers as chairman. Local attorney, Clarence Watts serves as co-counsel. 1936 January 23: Patterson is retried. He is found guilty and sentenced to 75 years in prison. This sentence was a negotiation between the foreman and the rest of the jury. January 24: Ozie Powell pulls a knife and slashes a police officers throat while being transported to Birmingham Jail. Another police official shoots Powell in the head. Both the police officer and Powell survive. December: Lieutenant Governor Thomas Knight, the prosecuting attorney for the case, meets with Leibowitz in New York to come to a compromise. 1937 May:Â  Thomas Knight, a justice on the Alabama Supreme Court, dies. June 14:Â  Pattersons conviction is upheld by the Alabama Supreme Court. July 12 - 16: Norris is sentenced to death during his third trial. As a result of the pressure of the case, Watts becomes sick, causing Leibowitz to steer the defense. July 20 - 21: Andy Wrights is convicted and sentenced to 99 years. July 22 - 23: Charley Weems is convicted and sentenced to 75 years. July 23 - 24: Ozie Powells rape charges are dropped. He pleads guilty to assaulting a police officer and is sentenced to 20 years. July 24: The rape charges against Olen Montgomery, Willie Roberson, Eugene Williams, and Roy Wright are dropped. October 26: The United States Supreme Court decides not to hear the appeal of Patterson. December 21: Bibb Graves, the governor of Alabama, meets with Chalmers to discuss clemency to the five convicted defendants. 1938 June: The sentences given to Norris, Andy Wright, and Weems are affirmed by the Alabama Supreme Court. July: Norris death sentence is commuted to life imprisonment by Governor Graves. August: A denial of parole is recommended for Patterson and Powell by an Alabama parole board. October: A denial of parole is also recommended for Norris, Weems, and Andy Wright. October 29: Graves meets with the convicted defendants to consider parole. November 15: The pardon applications of all five defendants are denied by Graves. November 17: Weems is released on parole. 1944 January: Andy Wright and Clarence Norris are released on parole. September: Wright and Norris leave Alabama. This is considered a violation of their parole. Norris returns to jail in October 1944 and Wright in October 1946. 1946 June: Ozie Powell is released from prison on parole. September: Norris receives parole. 1948 July:Â  Patterson escapes from prison and travels to Detroit. 1950 June 9: Andy Wright is released on parole and finds a job in New York. June: Patterson is caught and arrested by the FBI in Detroit. However, G. Mennen Williams, governor of Michigan does not extradite Patterson to Alabama. Alabama does not continue its attempts to return Patterson to prison. December: Patterson is charged with murder after a fight in a bar. 1951 September: Patterson is sentenced to six to fifteen years in prison after being convicted of manslaughter. 1952 August: Patterson dies of cancer while serving time in prison. 1959 August: Roy Wright dies 1976 October: George Wallace, governor of Alabama, pardons Clarence Norris. 1977 July 12: Victoria Price sues NBC for defamation and invasion of privacy after its broadcast of Judge Horton and the Scottsboro Boys airs. Her claim, however, is dismissed. 1989 January 23: Clarence Norris dies. He is the last surviving Scottsboro Boys.

The Effects of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Anxiety and Depression among Research Paper

The Effects of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Anxiety and Depression among Nursing Home Patients - Research Paper Example   The relation between animals and humans has always been a powerful bond. For many years, this bond has remained a source of relief and solace for many people who are suffering or have suffered from emotional or physical pain. This relationship regarding healing power is practiced today and is known as Animal Assisted Therapy or pet therapy (Le Roux and Kemp, 2009). Animal-assisted therapy Animal Assisted Therapy or AAT is a form of therapy in which animals are involved for treatment. AAT helps in improving patient’s emotional, social or cognitive functioning. The animals which assist in the therapeutic treatment include farm animals, domesticated pets, and marine mammals. Animal-Assisted Therapy is used to help children and adults in cases where they have experienced neglect, abuse, depression, anxiety, undergoing chemotherapy or through other medical treatments etc. Today, Animal Assisted Therapy is gaining much importance and it is noted that it will grow into mainstream healthcare practices. Dogs are mostly used for this therapy as they are classified as facilitators to recovery, preventers of sickness and as the predictors of bad health. Moreover, dogs also have excellent sociability and training skills. AAT therapy is now recognized by almost all medical and healthcare professionals. The therapy is basically meant to treat depression, mental disorders, anger, stress, anxiety, loneliness, other mood disorders and psychological health of individuals (Stasi, Amati, and Costa, 2004). Anxiety and stress are regarded as a major cause of diseases of cardiovascular areas. It has been hypothesized by researchers that comrade animals may provide to lessen anxiety and stress levels (Siegel, 1990). Numerous instigators have reported lesser readings for blood pressure among children and adults in the presence of such a companion animal during worrying activities.Animals have been associated with positive effects on patients in a variety of healthcare setting s (Friedman et al, 1983). The initial introduction of animals to such settings involved frequent visits to the treatment programs. However, now animals are intentionally involved in treatments via numerous interventions included in the animal-assisted therapy. Over the past few decades, Animal-assisted therapy or Pet Therapy has gained extensive application and support in almost all parts of the world. In this therapy, the animals are provided with special pieces of training before their interaction with patients. AAT has been shown to have positive mental, physical, motivational and educational effects on participants (Johnson and Haubner, 2008). That is the reason why this therapy is largely used for rehabilitation and recovery of mood disorders. The studies by Muschel, Gagnon et al., Wells, Schnipper and Weber (1984, 2004, 1998, 2005 and 2004) investigated the effect of Animal Assisted Therapy on the cancer patient. All these studies concluded that cancer patients were benefitted from this therapy.  Ã‚